2.1.1 Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) (Q&A)

Short Answer Questions

1. What does CPR stand for?
   Answer
   CPR stands for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation.
2. What is the main purpose of CPR?
   Answer
   The purpose of CPR is to help individuals with heart and breathing problems by restoring blood circulation and oxygen supply.
3. When should CPR be administered?
   Answer
   CPR should be administered when a person is not breathing, has no pulse, or does not respond to any stimuli.
4. What is the first step in performing CPR?
   Answer
   Check for a response by tapping the victim’s shoulder and asking, “Are you OK?”.
5. How should the airway be opened during CPR?
   Answer
   Tilt the victim’s head backwards and lift their chin to open the airway.
6. How deep should chest compressions be during CPR?
   Answer
   Chest compressions should be approximately 5 cm deep but not more than 6 cm.
7. At what rate should chest compressions be performed?
   Answer
   Chest compressions should be performed at a rate of 100-120 compressions per minute.
8. How should hands be positioned during chest compressions?
   Answer
   Place one hand on top of the other in the centre of the chest, with elbows straight and upper body weight applied.
9. What is the ratio of chest compressions to rescue breaths during CPR?
   Answer
   30 chest compressions followed by 2 rescue breaths.
10. How should mouth-to-mouth resuscitation be performed?
    Answer
    Pinch the victim’s nose closed and give two rescue breaths, ensuring the chest rises with each breath.
11. When should CPR be stopped?
    Answer
    CPR should be continued until the person starts breathing normally or medical help arrives.
12. What should be done if someone is alone and finds a person needing CPR?
    Answer
    Call 999 for immediate assistance and start CPR while waiting for help.
13. What surface should the victim be lying on before performing CPR?
    Answer
    A firm and flat surface.
14. How does CPR help the body during a cardiac emergency?
    Answer
    It helps restore blood circulation and ensures continuous oxygen supply to vital organs.
15. What does the “D” in the D.R.A.B.C. principles of emergency assistance stand for?
    Answer
    “D” stands for Danger—ensuring the surroundings are safe before helping the victim.
16. What does the “B” in D.R.A.B.C. stand for?
    Answer
    “B” stands for Breathing—checking if the person is breathing.
17. What should be done if a person has a pulse but remains unconscious after CPR?
    Answer
    Place them in the recovery position and ensure their airway remains open.
18. Why should CPR be performed as early as possible?
    Answer
    To increase the chances of survival and prevent further damage to vital organs.
19. What happens if a victim’s airway remains blocked during CPR?
    Answer
    CPR will not be effective, and the victim may not receive sufficient oxygen.
20. What should rescuers do while waiting for medical personnel to arrive?
    Answer
    Continue CPR and monitor the victim’s condition.

Explanation Questions

1. Why is it important to check for a response before starting CPR?
   Answer
   Checking for a response ensures that CPR is only performed when necessary, preventing unnecessary chest compressions on a conscious person.
2. Explain why CPR should be performed on a flat and firm surface.
   Answer
   A flat and firm surface allows effective chest compressions, ensuring proper circulation of blood.
3. What is the importance of maintaining a 100-120 compressions per minute rate in CPR?
   Answer
   This rate helps maintain adequate blood circulation and oxygen supply to the brain and heart.
4. Why is it necessary to tilt the head back and lift the chin when performing CPR?
   Answer
   Tilting the head back and lifting the chin prevents airway blockage, allowing air to reach the lungs.
5. Explain why CPR must be continued until medical help arrives.
   Answer
   CPR sustains blood circulation and oxygen supply to vital organs, increasing the chances of survival.
6. Why should chest compressions be approximately 5 cm deep?
   Answer
   A depth of 5 cm ensures effective circulation without causing excessive injury.
7. What would happen if chest compressions were too shallow?
   Answer
   Blood circulation would be inadequate, reducing the effectiveness of CPR.
8. Why is it important to ensure the chest rises when giving rescue breaths?
   Answer
   It confirms that air is entering the lungs and oxygen is being delivered.
9. What are the consequences of not performing CPR in a cardiac emergency?
   Answer
   The brain and other organs may be deprived of oxygen, leading to death.
10. How does CPR increase the chances of survival?
    Answer
    It maintains oxygen circulation, preventing brain damage and organ failure.