1.4.3 Penyiasatan Saintifik dalam Biologi (MCQ)

A marine biologist notices that coral reefs in a specific bay are turning white. What is the most appropriate first step in a scientific investigation regarding this issue?

Based on the coral bleaching observation, the biologist states: ‘If the water temperature increases, then the rate of coral bleaching will increase.’ What is this statement called in the scientific method?

To test the statement about water temperature and coral bleaching in a lab, the biologist sets up tanks with water at 25°C, 28°C, and 31°C. What type of variable is the water temperature in this setup?

In the same coral experiment, the biologist measures the percentage of surface area that turns white on each coral fragment after two weeks. What does this measured percentage represent?

While testing the effect of water temperature on corals, the biologist ensures that the salinity (saltiness) and light exposure are exactly the same for all tanks. Why is this necessary?

Before starting the coral experiment, the biologist writes down a detailed list including 3 glass tanks, 10 liters of seawater, 3 water heaters, and a step-by-step procedure. Which step of the scientific investigation does this represent?

After the two-week coral experiment, the biologist creates a line graph showing ‘Water Temperature’ on the x-axis and ‘Percentage of Bleaching’ on the y-axis. What is the primary purpose of this step?

Looking at the generated graph, the biologist notices a clear trend: as the temperature increased from 25°C to 31°C, the percentage of coral bleaching steadily increased from 5% to 80%. What is the biologist doing in this scenario?

Based on the clear trend linking higher temperatures to increased bleaching, the biologist states that the initial prediction (‘If the water temperature increases, then the rate of coral bleaching will increase’) is supported by the data. Which step does this represent?

To finalize the investigation, the biologist compiles a single document that details the problem statement, hypothesis, materials used, procedures, results, discussion, and conclusion. What is this final step called?